Young Latinas and U.S. immigration policies
Karla Gutierrez and Paola Gonzalez, an 18 and 17-year-old from Animo Inglewood Charter High School, perform an original poem that gives a voice to the struggles immigrants have and continue to face in America.
People’s stories humanize statistical figures. In this blog, I present a dialogue between data from the Pew Research Center and the personal immigration stories of several young Latinas found on the website “My Immigration Story.”
To start, I want to cite a few important points from the Pew Research Center: Between Two Worlds: How Young Latinos Come of Age in America
“In today’s world, only 34{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} of this age group are immigrants. 37{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} of 16-to-25-year-old Latinos are the U.S.-born children of immigrants, and another 29{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} are of third and higher generations.”
“There are 1.5 million undocumented youngsters in the U.S.”
“Hispanics make up 18{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} of all 16-to 25-year-olds in America.”
“In terms of country of origin, 68{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} of young Latinos are of Mexican background, 8{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} are from Central America, 15{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} are from the Caribbean countries, and 4{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} are from other countries.”
These quotes come from Pew Research Center Hispanic Trends: Unauthorized Immigrants: Length of Residency, Patterns of Parenthood
“Nearly half (46{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe}) of unauthorized adult immigrants today—about 4.7 million people—are parents of minor children. By contrast, just 38{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} of legal immigrant adults and 29{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} of U.S.-born adults are parents of minor children.”
“Unauthorized immigrants make up 28{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} of the country’s foreign-born population and 3.7{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} of the overall population”
“Overall, at least 9 million people are in “mixed-status” families that include at least one unauthorized adult and at least one U.S.-born child. Families like these make up 54{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} of the 16.6 million people in families with at least one unauthorized immigrant. There are 400,000 unauthorized immigrant children in such families who have U.S.-born siblings.”
By looking at these statistics we can begin to imagine how immigration intersects with the lives of young Latinos and Latinas in a myriad of ways. In this blog, I will address the ones that have the most potential for impact, beginning with the fact that when these young people and their parents came, the U.S. determined and continues to determine their immigration status, and with that their right, as well as the right of their parents and other family members, to remain in this country. It all depends on whether they are immigrant themselves, coming to this country when they were very young or older, with or without documents; if they were born in the U.S. to immigrant parents who may be documented or undocumented; or if they were born to parents who have been here for three or more generations.
Immigration itself does not create these different scenarios; policy on immigration does.
Immigration status colors young Latinas’ perspective on their future. Without documentation, their opportunities and potential for success are seriously compromised.
As I mentioned earlier, I looked into the website ‘My Immigration Story” for stories of young Latinas. All the stories that appeared in this blog come from this website. Maria’s and Ivonne’s stories illustrate how the future looks like when you are a young undocumented Latina living in the US.
“I was brought here when I was 2 years old. My dad came to New York a few years before but left my mom pregnant. Sadly, he couldn’t see me when I was a baby due to him being illegal. He sent for us when I was 2 1/2 years old. I crossed the border with my mom and granddad and my aunt. Back then it was easier than it is now. My mom told me she was lucky that I was a quiet baby so we had no trouble. When we came to new York I lived in my uncle’s house (who is a citizen) and I moved to New Jersey 3 months later. I’m 15 now and I still get really upset because I want to be legal here. I want to help my parents out and get a good job and buy them their own house, but sadly I can’t. I want to study cosmetology or psychology but me being illegal I can’t.”
“I was only a few months old when I was brought in the U.S with my mother, my father, and my big brother. I was born in Mexico DF on January 31. My mom thought it would be better to build a better life in the other side so we could have a better future. I am 20 years old now; I’ve been waiting to get my papers for too long. I finished high school and got my diploma to be able to go to college. But I won’t be able without my papers. Every day I cry because I can’t help my mom with rent anymore. I don’t work anymore. I want my mom to be proud of me but how can I if I’m not from here and they won’t accept us. My mom was once deported when I was 10 years old. I found out the next day because she had not come home. I got a phone call from Mexico and she told me she wasn’t going to come back until 3 to 4 month. Never in my entire life have I felt so mad, so mad because I was left without a mother for 3 month. After that I’ve been scared of cops because I don’t remember anything from Mexico because I’ve been living in Houston for my entire life. I want to be able to enjoy my life and learn new stuff and travel, something I can’t do.”
According to the Pew Research Center’s report Latinos coming of age in America, young Latinos are for the most part optimistic about the future and satisfied with their lives. Most of them place importance on the value of education, with foreign-born Latinos placing even higher importance on education than native-born Latinos do. Latina immigrants surpass man in seeing college education as important for success. However, these aspirations do not match their performance. Their school dropout rates (driven by the foreign-born Latino youth) are higher than other youth in the U.S., and they are more likely to become pregnant. Their enrollment in college is significantly lower than that of non-Hispanic women. Compared to white and Asian-American youngsters, they are also more likely to live in poverty.
But sometimes with a favorable change in immigration legislation things can change; the future can become a little brighter and fuller of possibilities, as in the story of Wendy.
My parents had left me at the age of 2 back in Mexico with my grandparents while they came to the U.S. They sent for me at the age of 4 and that is when I crossed the border with my aunt. It was hard at first but I got used to being here. I am now 18 years old and thankful that I was able to qualify for the DACA. With DACA I have been able to do so much. Thankfully I now have 2 jobs and I am in school. Although I am undocumented, I do not give up my hopes and dreams of a better life for my family. Although it is difficult I was able to enroll into college and I am about to be done with my first semester. Hopefully I can continue my studies later on. As much as I would like to go visit my family in Mexico, I can’t. That upsets me every day but I keep going strong for them. This isn’t a sad story, this is just to let everyone know there is hope and to fight for what they want! Being undocumented shouldn’t stop us. WE CAN DO IT! We just have to believe.
As I mentioned before “mixed-status’ families make up 54{e0067b7e5b7c4752141a12f40f20a1e8c5844cc9423417b188bf9480bfa224fe} of the 16.6 million people in families with at least one unauthorized immigrant. Among those families there are 400,000 unauthorized immigrant children. This is the story of one of those children, now an adolescent, whose parents and siblings are authorized, but she is the one without legal status.
I came here when I was 3 years old. I’m currently 16. Everyone else in my family that is here with me is legal. Everyone but me. I’m close to finishing high school … too close. I love America, this is my home, but this is no way to live. I didn’t choose to be here, they did … and now I’ll have to deal with the consequences. I just want to go to college, study medicine and save lives. Is that too much to ask for? I just want to belong here, I want to be an American citizen.
The stories that follow address first- and second-generation young Latinas’ fear of detention and deportation of parents/caregivers. For these young women, losing their main support system severely undermines their potential for future success. Deportation of parents or other family members is negatively impacting first-generation young Latinos (as in the story of Ivonne from Houston, Texas, presented earlier) as well as second-generation Latinos (American-born children of immigrants) as illustrated by the stories of Vanessa and Emilia:
My name is Vanessa and am an American citizen. I have a twin Samantha and we both are 16 years old and living with our grandparents. My mom and my other 2 sisters (also American citizens) live in Mexico with my Dad because he is deported and cannot come back. In 2005 they deported him and punished him for 10 years. In July 2015 he went to the Juarez Consulate and they denied his case. Since I was 6 years old I have been going to Mexico and coming to the U.S. I am a junior at Avenal High School. I get straight A’s at school and life is hard without my family. My only dream since I was 6 is to have my Daddy here with me. Is it really too much to ask for?
My dad was deported when I was 16 years old. I know he is somewhere in the Dominican Republic, if he is still alive. I try not to think about it too much because there are so many questions and nobody to answer them. I’m now 22 years old and sometimes, I wonder where he is and what he is doing. I know that he would be proud of me getting my bachelor’s degree and becoming a teacher and coach. Even though I don’t have a good relationship with my mother and only lived with my father for a few years, I thank them wholeheartedly for their sacrifices. They had no idea where I would be at 22, but it was thanks to them that I was born and raised in a place with unlimited opportunities.
I included this blog about immigration in this project because Latinos in general, but more viciously those Latino immigrants who are undocumented, have been the target of recalcitrant anti- immigrant sentiment, rhetoric, and policies during the last decade. Young Latinos, whether immigrant themselves or U.S.-born, have come of age in this sociopolitical environment, which is not only affecting their emotional and psychological well-being, but also coloring the development of their social identity.